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SUB TRACK Surgery pathology, diagnosis, tissue, surgical pathologists, diagnosis of cancer, microscopic slides, tumour, Digital photography, Biopsies, hematoxylin, pathology residents, diagnostic information, naked eye, microscope, New techniques, molecular diagnostics, infectious, cancerous, lymph, Surgical Pathology Clinics, Gynecologic, Obstetric Pathology,

Surgical pathology is a branch of pathology that involves the examination of tissue specimens obtained from surgical procedures to make diagnoses. Pathologists who specialize in surgical pathology, known as surgical pathologists, analyze these tissue samples to identify any abnormalities, such as tumors, inflammatory conditions, infectious diseases, or structural abnormalities.

Here’s how surgical pathology works:

1. Tissue Collection: During surgical procedures, tissue samples, or specimens, are collected from patients for diagnostic purposes. These specimens may include biopsies (small tissue samples) or larger surgical excisions.
2. Specimen Processing: After collection, the tissue specimens are processed in the pathology laboratory. They are fixed, embedded in paraffin wax, sliced into thin sections, and mounted on glass slides. Special stains or immunohistochemical techniques may be used to highlight specific cellular components or proteins within the tissue.
3. Microscopic Examination: The prepared tissue slides are examined under a microscope by surgical pathologists. They carefully analyze the cellular structure, organization, and any pathological changes present in the tissue samples.
4. Diagnosis: Based on their microscopic findings, surgical pathologists make diagnoses regarding the nature of the tissue abnormality. They identify whether the tissue is benign (non-cancerous), malignant (cancerous), or shows signs of inflammation, infection, or other pathological conditions.
5. Reporting: Surgical pathologists generate detailed reports documenting their findings and diagnoses. These reports are then communicated to the surgeons or clinicians who requested the tissue analysis. The information provided by the pathologist helps guide further patient management, treatment planning, and prognostic assessment.
6. Consultation and Collaboration: Surgical pathologists often collaborate with other medical specialists, including surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and other pathologists, to provide comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and ensure optimal patient care.

Patients and doctors in Illinois can get diagnostic services from Surgical Pathology. Both general tissue diagnostics and specialised testing for malignancy and prognostic indicators are offered by our academics and staff. In order to provide our services, we work closely with numerous different departmental groups.

Surgical pathologists, fellows, and pathology residents examine the microscopic slides after they have been processed to build diagnostic reports. This slide review through publication of a final diagnosis in the UI Hospital HIS may take a further 24 hours, and completion of reports for complicated specimens requiring specialised research usually requires more time, with the majority of complicated cases reported within five working days. Faculty in surgical pathology examine each case before signing it off. There are no preliminary diagnoses published in Surgical Pathology. If a case has sudden or urgent clinical needs for which a final report cannot be presented in a timely manner, urgent reports are posted in HIS.

Surgical Pathologist

The final authority on tumour diagnosis is with surgical pathologists. In the absence of a tissue diagnosis, the diagnosis of cancer cannot be reliably inferred, regardless of how high the index of clinical suspicion may be. With very few circumstances, definite cancer treatment shouldn’t begin before a tissue diagnosis has been made. Most hospitals have policies supporting this procedure spelled out in their bylaws, and hospital tissue committees and accrediting organisations keep a close eye on them.

The focus of surgical pathologists is structure. A thorough gross inspection of the removed tissue is done initially with the unaided eye, and then a more in-depth look is given to tissue sections under a compound light microscope. Frozen tissue sections may be used for intraoperative inspection, although pathologists typically rely on the better structural preservation provided by permanent tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

Surgical pathology specimens

Surgical pathology analysis is the main purpose of a biopsy, which is a small sample of tissue that is typically taken to make a definitive diagnosis. Core biopsies are taken using large-bore needles and, on occasion, radiological techniques like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, for that matter. Core biopsies preserve tissue architecture in contrast to fine-needle aspiration specimens, which are analysed using cytopathology techniques. Excisional biopsies are collected through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove a portion of a concerning lesion, whereas incisional biopsies are obtained through therapeutic surgical resections that remove the entire lesion. Excisional biopsies are routinely performed on gastrointestinal polyps and skin lesions.